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Dahlan was born in 1961 in Khan Younis Refugee Camp in Gaza. His family is originally from Hammama (now known as Nitzanim, part of Israel). He holds a BA in business administration from the Islamic University of Gaza and is fluent in Hebrew.
He is a long-time member of the Fateh party, and founded the Fateh Youth Association in 1981. He was imprisoned by Israel for five years because of his political activism, before being deported to Jordan in 1988. He joined the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Tunis, from where he helped to coordinate the first Intifada. In 1994, he returned to Gaza after which he headed the preventive security forces in Gaza until 2002. During the Oslo Peace Process, He was a frequent member of the negotiating team on security issues for Israeli redeployments on the return of those expelled after 1967 and on prisoner releases. He participated in the Wye River negotiations in 1999 and was a member of the Palestinian negotiation team at Camp David in 2000 and at Taba in 2001. In March 2007 he was made chief of the Palestinian National Security Force.
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