in cooperation with Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace
Research, Tel Aviv University, People-to-people Program
Introduction
Despite the obstacles that have been standing in the way
of the Israel-Palestinian peace negotiations in the last couple of years,
a majority in both sides remained optimistic regarding the future of the
peace process in general: 60.2% of the Israelis and 68.2% of the Palestinians
feel either optimistic or very optimistic about it.
However, a deeper look into the attitudes of both sides,
as reflected in their respective answers to more specific questions, reveals
a clear discrepancy between their attitudes, as well as lower levels of
optimism in both sides on very important aspects of the process:
The Israeli public is generally more supportive of the
peace process and more confident of its success than the Palestinian public.
Still, 64.3 of the Israelis and 61.4 of the Palestinians support or strongly
support today the Oslo Process. However while 28.2% of the Israelis strongly
support Oslo, only 5.9% of Palestinians hold this attitude; the total ratio
of Israelis who oppose or strongly oppose Oslo is 29% compared with 36.3%
among Palestinians. Furthermore, 14.5% of the Israelis strongly believe
in the prospects of the Oslo Accords to achieve peace between the two parties
while only 6.3% of Palestinians hold this belief.
A striking discrepancy between the Israelis and the Palestinians
emerges in regard to the idea of an independent Palestinian state: while
64.7% of the Israelis oppose the establishment of a Palestinian State with
the 1967 borders (including East Jerusalem) as a part of the final solution
to the conflict), 52.7% of the Palestinians support this idea. Furthermore,
while 73.8% of Israelis actually believe that the Oslo process will bring
about a Palestinian state, only 47.9% of Palestinians share this view.
Another interesting difference is revealed in the two
sides' assessment of the "other side" authority's sincerity in pursuing
peace: 61.5% of the Israelis consider the Palestinian Authority sincere
in pursuing peace, while only 11% of the Palestinians believe that the
Israeli government is sincere in this regard. On the other hand, 88.5%
of the Palestinians do not believe in Israel's genuine desire for peace
as opposed to 38% among Israelis who think so about the Palestinian Authority.
The same pattern is seen in the two sides' attitudes when
relating to the question of who is more responsible for the deadlock in
the peace process. 70% of the Palestinians see Israel as entirely or mostly
responsible for it. Only 7.4% of them put some blame on their side while
20.1% believe it is both sides' fault. Among Israelis, however, 46.6% see
the deadlock as the shared responsibility of both sides, while 25% attribute
the responsibility to Israel and only 22.5% consider it the Palestinians'
fault.
There is a deep contradiction in opinions between both
peoples over the preferred solution to the Jerusalem controversy: While,
70.4% of the Israelis reject any solution that makes East Jerusalem the
capital of Palestine, 91.3% of Palestinians reject any solution that keeps
Jerusalem the unified capital of Israel. However, almost no difference
was found between the two sides' understanding the present situation in
Jerusalem: 49.2% of the Israelis agree or strongly agree that Jerusalem
is practically divided and 48% of the Palestinians share this belief.
Comparing these results with those of a similar opinion
poll conducted in December 1997, one can notice relatively small changes
occurring, with a few exceptions only. For example, in late 1997 only 9%
of the Israelis felt that their personal security had improved since the
launching of the peace process, while in this survey 21% of the respondents
expressed such sense of improvement. Among the Palestinians, however, the
sense of personal security declined from 64.2% in 1997 to 45.9% at the
present.
Methodology
Israeli survey (Arab & Jews)
Two random samples of Israelis (Jews and Arabs) over the
age of 18 were interviewed by telephone on 24-25 February 1999. The Jewish
sample included 500 respondents; a representative sample of the adult Jewish
population (including residents of the settlements in the territories and
kibbutzim). The Arab sample included 501 respondents, a representative
sample of the Muslim, Christian and Druz populations. Notably, the Arab
population in this age cohort accounts for only 12 percent of the Israeli
population; we had to use a disproportionately large sample in order correctly
to analyze this population group by its subgroups. Obviously, when data
for the total population were computed, the Arab population was weighted
in accordance with its correct proportion. Thus, the data in the "Total"
column of the tables below predominantly reflect the attitudes of the Jewish
public. The margin of error in a sampling of this size is 4.5%.
Sample distribution
Gender
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
| Male |
49.6%
|
48.8%
|
| Female |
50.4%
|
51.2%
|
Age
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
| 18-22 |
19.2%
|
13.3%
|
| 23-29 |
22.1%
|
18.2%
|
| 30-39 |
26.4%
|
18.55
|
| 40-49 |
16.1%
|
18.0%
|
| 50-59 |
7.2%
|
12.2%
|
| 60+ |
9.1%
|
19.8%
|
Education
|
Arabs |
Jews |
| No formal eduation |
6.2% |
-- |
| Elementary ( up to 8 years) |
32.4% |
5.6% |
| Secondary education (9-12 years) |
44.4% |
19.9% |
| Higher education (13+ years) |
17.1% |
44.4% |
Area of residence
|
Arabs |
Jews |
| Jerusalem & Shfela |
5.6% |
19.3% |
| Center ( Gush Dan & Sharon) |
11.0% |
43.3% |
| North (Haifa & Galilee) |
79.6% |
26.2% |
| South & Negev |
3.8% |
11.2% |
Religion (Arab sample only)
Muslim 72.1%, Christian 16.5%, Druz 8.5%, Other 2.8
Methodology
Palestinian Survey
A random sample of 1201 people over the age of 18 were
interviewed face-to-face throughout the West Bank and Gaza Strip on 25,26
February 1999. The interviews were conducted in randomly selected homes,
and the subjects inside each home were also selected randomly according
to Kish tables. The interviews were conducted in 60 sampling points chosen
randomly according to population.
In the-West Bank, 761 people were surveyed from
the following areas: Jenin: Jenin, Jenin refugee camp, al - Yamoun, Kufr
Dan, Ya'bad, 'Arabeh, Tubas, Zabadeh, Kufr Rai' and Fahmeh. Tulkarem: Tulkarem,
Thinabeh, Tulkarem refugee camp, 'Anabta, and 'Ateel. Qalqilia: Qalqilia
and 'Azzoun. Hebron: Hebron, Yatta, a-Dhahiria, Bani Na'im, Beit Ummar,
'Aroub refugee camp, Tarqoumia, a-Shyoukh and Sa'eer. Bethlehem. Bethlehem,
Beit Sahour, 'Azza refugee camp, Bateer and al-Khader. Jericho: Jericho.
Ramallah & Jerusalem: al-Bireh, al-'Amari refugee camp, Ramallah, Beitunia,
Beit Rima, al-Mazra al-Sarqia, a-Ram, a-Dahya, Beit Liqia, Qalandia refugee
camp, Shufat, Beit Hanina, Shufat refugee camp, old city of Jerusalem,
Wadi al-Joz, Sheikh Jarrah and Ras al-Amoud.
In the Gaza Strip, 440 people were surveyed from:
Gaza North: Jabalia refugee camp, Jabalia, Beit Lahia and Beit Hanoun.
Gaza: Sheikh Radwan, a-Darji, a-Tufah, Sabra, a-Zeitoon, a-Nasser, a-Sujaeih,
a-Rimal and Shati refugee camp. Deir al- Balah: Nusseirat -Yo unis:
'Abassan refugee camp, Deir al-Balah refugee camp, Deir al- Balah. Khan
al-Saghira, Khan Younis refugee camp, Khan Younis and Bani Suheila. Rafah:
Rafah, Rafah refugee camp and Tal al-Sultan.
Sample Distribution
51.7% of the respondents were from West Bank, 11.7% from
Jerusalem, 36.6% from the Gaza Strip.
33.1 % said they live in villages, 16.2% in refugee camps,
50.7% in towns/cities. 51.8% were male, 48.2% were female.
64.4% were married, 25.4%, single, 4.0% widowed, 2.2%
divorced, 4.0% no answer.
-
The average age of the respondents was 34 years.
Occupation respondents
Students 1 1.0%; Laborers 14.8%; Housewives 34.5%; Farmers/fishermen
2.9%;
Craftsmen 2.1 %; Unemployed 6.1 %; Retired 1.7%; Businessmen/private
business 8.5%;
Employees e.g. secretaries/municipal employees/teachers/nurses
14.9%;
Professionals - e.g. doctors/lawyers/ pharmacists/engineers
1.4%; No answer 2.1 %.
Results
Q.1 How optimistic or pessimistic are you about reaching
a peaceful Arab-Israeli settlement? Would you say you are:
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs |
Jews |
Total |
West Bank |
Gaza Strip |
Total |
| Very Optimistic |
17.9
|
16.4
|
17.0
|
4.7
|
11.1
|
7.1
|
| Optimistic |
61.3
|
41.9
|
43.2
|
61.1
|
61.1
|
61.1
|
| Pessimistic |
15.9
|
25.2
|
23.9
|
24.7
|
19.3
|
22.7
|
| Very Pessimistic |
2.9
|
11.3
|
10.3
|
9.3
|
8.0
|
8.8
|
|
Don't Know
|
2.0
|
5.2
|
5.5
|
0.2
|
0.5
|
0.3
|
Q.2 What do you think about the Oslo formula, would you
say you strongly support it, support it, oppose it or strongly oppose it?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Strongly support |
21.6
|
29.0
|
28.2
|
5.7
|
6.4
|
5.9
|
| Support |
68.9
|
35.3
|
36.1
|
54.7
|
54.3
|
54.5
|
| Oppose |
1.6
|
11.3
|
10.3
|
22.7
|
26.1
|
24.0
|
| Strongly oppose |
7.9
|
20.0
|
18.7
|
12.9
|
11.4
|
12.3
|
| Don't Know |
--
|
--
|
--
|
4.0
|
1.8
|
3.3
|
Q.3 Do you believe or not believe that the Oslo agreement
between Israel and the PLO will bring about peace between Israel and the
Palestinians in the coming years?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Greatly believe |
19.0
|
14.1
|
14.5
|
7.1
|
5.0
|
6.3
|
| Somewhat believe |
48.5
|
32.4
|
33.6
|
29.6
|
26.6
|
28.5
|
| In the middle |
12.5
|
18.2
|
18.4
|
25.2
|
27.5
|
26.1
|
| Somewhat don't believe |
10.2
|
11.8
|
11.5
|
13.0
|
22.3
|
10.4
|
| Certainly don't believe |
4.3
|
21.2
|
19.4
|
21.6
|
17.5
|
20.1
|
| Don't Know |
5.5
|
2.4
|
2.6
|
3.5
|
1.1
|
2.6
|
Q. 4 In your opinion, is there a chance that the Oslo
Process will eventually result in the establishment of a genuine independent
Palestinian State?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine
|
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Surely yes |
16.7
|
36.3
|
33.5
|
12.4
|
7.3
|
10.5
|
| Probably yes |
46.9
|
39.6
|
40.3
|
38.2
|
35.9
|
37.4
|
| Probbly no |
18.2
|
10.3
|
11.5
|
23.5
|
32.3
|
26.7
|
| Surely no |
6.2
|
6.8
|
6.9
|
23.3
|
22.7
|
23.1
|
| Don't Know |
12.1
|
7.1
|
7.7
|
2.6
|
1.8
|
2.3
|
Q.5 Do you agree or disagree with the idea of establishing
a Palestinian State with 1967 borders (including East Jerusalem) as a part
of the final solution to the Palestinian - Israeli conflict?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Agree |
68.0
|
11.3
|
17.4
|
58.2
|
43.2
|
52.7
|
| In the middle |
15.7
|
12.0
|
12.9
|
18.9
|
28.2
|
22.3
|
| Disagree |
5.0
|
72.7
|
64.7
|
19.8
|
25.2
|
21.8
|
| Don't know |
11.3
|
3.9
|
5.0
|
3.1
|
3.4
|
3.2
|
Q. 7 How genuine do you think the present Israeli Government
(Palestinian Authority) is about reaching peace with the Palestinians (Israel).
Would you say that it is: very genuine, genuine, not genuine, not genuine
at all?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Very genuine |
38.3
|
17.2
|
19.8
|
0.7
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
| Genuine |
46.2
|
41.4
|
41.7
|
10.1
|
8.0
|
9.3
|
| Not genuine |
6.7
|
17.6
|
16.1
|
35.5
|
37.7
|
36.3
|
| Not genuine at all |
1.5
|
19.9
|
18.0
|
52.0
|
52.3
|
52.1
|
| Don't know |
7.3
|
3.9
|
4.4
|
1.7
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
Q. 8 If the issue of Jerusalem is the last obstable to
the signing of the peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians,
will you then agree that (for the Palestinians and Israeli Arabs) the city
of Jerusalem will remain the unified capital of Israel (for the Israeli
Jews) East Jerusalem will be the capital of the Palestinian State?
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Agree |
22.5
|
25.6
|
1.8
|
2.5
|
2.1
|
| Disagree |
69.3
|
70.4
|
91.6
|
90.9
|
91.3
|
| Don't know |
8.2
|
4.0
|
6.6
|
6.6
|
6.6
|
Q. 8 To what extent, do you agree or disagree to the argument
that Jerusalem is already practically divided between East and West?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Strongly agree |
20.2
|
18.3
|
18.6
|
20.5
|
5.7
|
15.1
|
| Agree |
43.1
|
29.9
|
30.6
|
37.0
|
25.9
|
33.0
|
| Fairly disagree |
18.2
|
14.2
|
14.7
|
15.0
|
31.1
|
20.9
|
| Strongly disagree |
9.3
|
34.4
|
31.7
|
22.6
|
33.6
|
26.6
|
| Don't know |
9.2
|
3.2
|
3.9
|
4.9
|
3.6
|
4.4
|
Q. 9 What, in your opinion, is the best and final solution
to the Jerusalem problem?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Unified capital of Israel |
2.1
|
59.3
|
52.1
|
0.4
|
0.7
|
0.5
|
| West Jerusalem is the capital of Israel,The Old City
is under a joint sovereignty, and East Jerusalem is under Palestinian sovereignty |
5.7
|
13.2
|
12.1
|
2.4
|
5.0
|
3.3
|
| East Jerusalem as the capital of the Palestinian State
and West Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Israel. |
33.2
|
5.0
|
8.5
|
37.1
|
18.6
|
30.3
|
| Jerusalem as an open city and capital of Palestine |
32.3
|
8.6
|
11.6
|
16.2
|
8.2
|
13.2
|
| International Jerusalem |
16.7
|
10.0
|
11.4
|
18.2
|
15.0
|
17.1
|
| Unified Capital of Palestine |
--
|
--
|
--
|
4.9
|
17.3
|
9.4
|
| Capital of Palestine |
--
|
--
|
--
|
15.4
|
28.2
|
20.1
|
| Capital of Muslims |
--
|
--
|
--
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
2.4
|
| Other |
3.9
|
--
|
--
|
0.1
|
0.6
|
0.4
|
| Don't know |
6.2
|
3.9
|
4.3
|
2.3
|
5.0
|
3.3
|
Q. 10 And now after the elapse of sometime since the peace
process started, would you say that your sense of personal security is
better than before, about the same or worse?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Better than before |
33.6
|
20.1
|
21.0
|
45.9
|
50.9
|
47.7
|
| About the same |
46.3
|
57.0
|
56.0
|
32.1
|
26.1
|
29.9
|
| Worsen than before |
10.8
|
20.5
|
19.9
|
20.8
|
22.3
|
21.3
|
| Don't know |
9.3
|
2.4
|
3.2
|
1.2
|
0.7
|
1.1
|
Q. 11 How about our economy in general, since the peace
process started, would you say that it is better than before the peace
process, about the same or worse?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Better than before |
11.0
|
10.7
|
10.4
|
17.9
|
17.0
|
17.6
|
| About the same |
26.6
|
30.2
|
30.1
|
28.6
|
32.2
|
26.6
|
| Worse than before |
55.7
|
51.6
|
52.3
|
52.3
|
58.2
|
54.5
|
| Don't know |
6.7
|
7.5
|
4.0
|
1.2
|
1.6
|
1.3
|
Q. 12 In your opinion, is it possible that after the singing
of peace agreement between Israel and the Arabs a "New Middle East" will
evolve, similar to the situation in Europe today - no wars, joint economic
and political institutions, and borders open to people and goods? Possible
immediately following the signing of the peace agreement, possible in the
near future, possible but in the far future, not possible at all?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Possible immediately following the signing of the peace
agreement |
12.2
|
3.3
|
4.3
|
2.0
|
2.6
|
2.0
|
| Possible in the near future |
37.9
|
21.2
|
23.0
|
12.1
|
7.7
|
10.5
|
| Possible but in the far future |
28.0
|
45.1
|
42.9
|
41.9
|
37.7
|
40.4
|
| Not possible at all |
13.6
|
26.9
|
25.6
|
37.8
|
48.9
|
41.9
|
| Don't know |
8.2
|
3.5
|
4.3
|
6.2
|
3.7
|
5.2
|
Q. 13 What is your opinion in the following argument:
Even if peace agreement is reachecd, it si preferable for the Palestinians
to have a close and clear border with Isreal, to maintain full separation
between the two entities?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Strongly agree |
9.5
|
54.6
|
49.3
|
14.3
|
11.4
|
13.2
|
| Agree |
45.8
|
27.9
|
30.1
|
39.7
|
35.2
|
38.1
|
| Disagree |
21.1
|
6.8
|
8.6
|
24.0
|
32.3
|
27.1
|
| Strongly disagree |
8.1
|
6.7
|
6.8
|
12.7
|
15.2
|
13.7
|
| Don't know |
15.6
|
4.0
|
5.1
|
9.3
|
5.9
|
7.9
|
Q. 14 Did you have in the past or do you have today any
personal or business relationships with Israelis (Palestinians) civilians?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Yes (fo to 14-1) |
66.4
|
19.8
|
25.1
|
27.7
|
22.3
|
25.7
|
| No |
32.7
|
79.5
|
74.3
|
71.9
|
77.7
|
74.0
|
| Don't know |
0.9
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.4
|
0.0
|
0.3
|
Q. 14-1 And how do you describe these relations? Pleasant
relationships, unpleasant relationships, sometimes pleasant sometimes unpleasant?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Pleasant |
80.9
|
70.5
|
73.4
|
51.2
|
35.7
|
46.3
|
| Unpleasant |
1.7
|
5.4
|
4.1
|
11.4
|
17.3
|
13.3
|
| Sometimes pleasant/
Sometimes unpleasant |
17.2
|
23.1
|
21.7
|
35.5
|
42.9
|
37.9
|
| Don't know/No answer |
0.3
|
1.1
|
0.8
|
1.9
|
4.1
|
2.5
|
Q. 15 Would you mind an Israeli (Palestinian) to be your
friend?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Yes (go to 15-1) |
7.7
|
26.5
|
24.2
|
45.9
|
61.4
|
51.1
|
| No |
90.3
|
69.1
|
71.4
|
49.1
|
35.9
|
44.4
|
| Don't know |
2.0
|
4.4
|
4.4
|
5.0
|
2.7
|
4.1
|
Q. 15-1 If a peace settlement is reached between the Israelis
and the Palestinians in the future, would you still have a problem taking
an Israeli (Palestinian) as a friend?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Yes |
38.5
|
71.7
|
71.5
|
74.1
|
81.1
|
77.2
|
| No |
27.7
|
17.7
|
17.7
|
18.4
|
13.7
|
16.3
|
| Don't know |
33.8
|
10.6
|
10.8
|
7.5
|
5.2
|
6.5
|
Q. 16 Now Iam going to show you a list of characteristics
that could be used to describe the Israelis (Palestinians), using the following
scale (show scale), pleace indicate how you describe the Israelis (Palestinians).
| Violent |
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| 1- Non Violent |
34.1
|
6.7
|
9.6
|
3.5
|
6.8
|
4.7
|
| 2 |
11.1
|
8.7
|
8.6
|
2.8
|
5.2
|
3.7
|
| 3 |
27.1
|
33.7
|
33.0
|
16.8
|
16.8
|
16.0
|
| 4 |
7.2
|
16.1
|
15.1
|
23.0
|
23.0
|
17.9
|
| 5. Violent |
15.0
|
21.2
|
20.5
|
48.2
|
48.2
|
57.6
|
| Don't know |
5.5
|
13.6
|
12.7
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
| Honest |
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| 1. Dishonest |
10.2
|
23.3
|
21.9
|
49.5
|
7.0
|
50.0
|
| 2 |
6.5
|
11.4
|
10.9
|
17.1
|
8.2
|
17.0
|
| 3 |
21.6
|
30.9
|
29.9
|
18.4
|
23.0
|
17.2
|
| 4 |
15.7
|
10.2
|
10.8
|
7.0
|
26.1
|
7.7
|
| 5. Honest |
39.5
|
8.7
|
12.0
|
7.9
|
35.2
|
8.1
|
| Don't know |
6.5
|
15.5
|
14.5
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
| Intelligent |
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| 1. Unintelligent |
1.2
|
16.1
|
14.5
|
8.4
|
7.0
|
7.9
|
| 2 |
4.5
|
14.3
|
13.3
|
7.4
|
8.2
|
7.7
|
| 3 |
11.2
|
33.5
|
31.1
|
18.8
|
23.0
|
20.3
|
| 4 |
12.2
|
13.5
|
13.4
|
21.0
|
26.1
|
22.9
|
| 5. Intelligent |
65.4
|
7.7
|
13.9
|
44.4
|
35.2
|
41.0
|
| Don't know |
5.5
|
14.8
|
13.8
|
0.0
|
0.5
|
0.2
|
Q. 17 Who is more responsible for the deadlock in the
peace process: the Israeli or the Palestinian side, would you say only
the Israeli side, mostly the Israeli side, only the Palestinian side, mostly
the Palestinian side, both sides are responsible to the same degree, neither
side is responsible?
|
|
Israel
|
|
|
Palestine |
|
|
Arabs
|
Jews
|
Total
|
West Bank
|
Gaza
|
Total
|
| Only the Israeli side |
11.2
|
6.6
|
7.5
|
40.1
|
48.9
|
43.3
|
| Mostly the Israeli side |
16.2
|
18.1
|
17.5
|
26.1
|
27.3
|
26.6
|
| Only the Palestinian side |
6.4
|
8.4
|
8.1
|
4.5
|
4.8
|
4.6
|
| Mostly the Palestinian side |
6.1
|
16.8
|
15.4
|
3.0
|
2.5
|
2.8
|
| Both sides are responsible to the same degree |
51.6
|
45.6
|
46.6
|
23.3
|
14.8
|
21.1
|
| Neither side is responsible |
3.5
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
1.7
|
1.7
|
1.1
|
| Don't know |
5.0
|
3.4
|
3.6
|
1.3
|
0.0
|
1.5
|
