Thursday March 25, 2010 11:38 AM (EST+7)
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Second Intifada
Read more: second intifada, intifada, uprising, al-Aqsa, al-Aqsa intifada, resistance, armed resistance, violence, suicide bombing, Camp David, Oslo accords, occupation, human rights, Wall, barrier, security fence, Yasser Arafat, Mahmoud Abbas, assassinations
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The Second Intifada is popularly referred to as the al-Aqsa Intifada after the Jerusalem mosque where the initial violence broke out.
The intifada or "uprising" resulted from a combination of the failure of the Oslo process in creating conditions for an independent Palestinian state, and failure of the preceding Camp David summit.
This intifada differed from the first intifada in the use of violence by both sides, with Palestinian groups deploying suicide bombers and Israel invading Palestinian towns with tanks and helicopter gunships.
INTIFADA TIMELINE
- Sept. 28, 2000
Ariel Sharon visits al-Aqsa Mosque and Haram al-Sharif in the aftermath of collapsed talks at Camp David. Riots break out on Sept. 29 at the scene.
- Sept. 30, 2000
The killing of 12-year-old Mohammed al-Dura by Israeli soldiers, which became a famous image of the asymmetric conflict, is shown by French TV. Death toll at end of the first month is 16 Palestinians and 3 Israelis.
- Oct. 12, 2000
Two Israeli reserve soldiers are killed by a mob at the police building in Ramallah.
- Oct. 17, 2000
As widespread violence continues, US President Bill Clinton mediates Sharm el-Sheikh agreement as a last resort to failed talks at Camp David. It fails to materialize. Violence continues.
- Nov. 7, 2000
US appoint Mitchell Commission to investigate violence.
- Nov. 9, 2000
Fateh activist Hussein Ubayat is assassinated by an Israeli air strike in Beit Sahour.
- Nov. 20, 2000
Senior Fateh official Jamal Abdel-Razeq is killed by the Israeli military. 112 Palestinians and 22 Israelis killed by end of November.
- Dec. 9, 2000
Israeli-Palestinian clashes intensify. Israeli armyzzz*zs tanks open fire in Jenin. 15,000 Palestinians protest in the city. 50 Jewish settlers enter Hebron and occupy Palestinian home.
- Dec 14, 2000
Senior Hamas member Hani Abu Bakr is killed by Israeli forces in Gaza.
- Jan. 21, 2001
Taba talks begin. They end inconclusively a week later.
- Feb. 2001
Ariel Sharon becomes prime minister; abandons peace process goals.
- Mar. 4, 2001
Palestinian suicide bomber kills three Israelis in Netanya.
- Mar. 18, 2001
Palestinian fighters start firing mortars from Gaza into Israel.
- Apr. 1, 2001
Israeli forces enter Area A of occupied territories for the first time.
- Apr. 14, 2001
Israeli military undertakes incursion in Gaza.
- May 18, 2001
Israel starts airial bombardment of targets in Gaza. Suicide bombing claimed by Hamas kills five Israelis and injures 110.
- May 20, 2001
Mitchell commission recommendations are presented.
- May 25, 2001
Islamic Jihad and Hamas carry out suicide bombings in Israel. Fateh’s Azzam Abd al-Fatah is killed in fighting.
- June 1, 2001
Suicide bombing at Tel Aviv disco claims 21 lives. Islamic Jihad claims responsibility.
- June 13, 2001
Tenet plan is carried out. Israeli armyzzz*zs tanks withdraw from some places in the occupied territories. Jewish settlers attack and kill 2 Palestinians.
- July 25, 2001
Israeli military kills senior Hamas member Salah al-Din Darawaza in Nablus.
- July 30, 2001
Six senior Fateh armed men are killed by Israeli forces near Jenin.
- Aug. 9, 2001
Suicide bombing in Jerusalem takes 15 lives. Hamas claims responsibility.
- Aug.25, 2001
Al-Aqsa Martyr Brigades and Democratic Front for Liberation of Palestine armed activists open fire in different places killing three Jewish settlers and three Israeli soldiers.
- Aug. 26, 2001
Israel attacks Palestinian Authority headquarters in Gaza city.
- Oct. 17, 2001
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine assassinates Israeli minister Rehavam Zeevi.
- Dec. 2, 2001
Suicide bombing in Haifa kills 15.
- Mar. 8, 2002
Bloodiest day of the second Intifada with 45 people killed, a majority of them Palestinian.
- Mar 27, 2002
Suicide bombing in Netanya kills 28 Israelis.
- May 7, 2002
Suicide bombing in Rishon Letzion kills 16 people. Hamas claims responsibility.
- Jan. 5, 2003
Suicide bombing in Tel Aviv kills 23 people.
- Mar. 10, 2003
Yasser Arafat proposes Mahmoud Abbas for prime minister. Decision is approved by the PLO.
- June 16, 2003
Israel starts construction of the Wall.
- Apr. 29, 2003
Mahmoud Abbas becomes prime minister.
- Apr. 30, 2003
The Quartet group launches the roadmap plan.
- Jun. 4, 2003
Aqaba summit takes place between prime ministers Abbas and Sharon to stop violence.
- Jun 11, 2003
16 people are killed in suicide attack in Jerusalem.
- Jun. 30, 2003
Israel agrees to withdraw forces from Bethlehem.
- Aug 8, 2003
Israeli forces kill four Palestinians in Askar refugee camp.
- Aug. 19, 2003
Suicide bombing carried out by Hamas in Jerusalem claims 21 lives.
- Sept. 1, 2003
Israeli forces kill Hamas militant Khader al-Husary in Gaza city.
- Sept. 11, 2003
Arafat is put under siege by Israel; unable to leave Ramallah. Several wanted Hamas and Islamic Jihad leaders are killed during this month.
- Oct, 1, 2003
Israeli assassination of Palestinian fighters belonging to Hamas and Islamic Jihad continues. Muhammad Mazin Salama and Rabah Abu Dakka of Islamic Jihad and Muhammad Bashir Aqel of Hamas are among those killed.
- Oct 13, 2003
The Geneva initiative is launched. It is rejected by both sides.
- Nov. 24, 2003
Sharon announces Gaza disengagement plan. By the end of 2003, 590 Palestinians and 201 Israelis are dead.
- February 2, 2004
Ariel Sharon starts plan of disengagement from Gaza.
- Mar 22, 2004
Hamas spiritual leader Sheikh Ahmed Yassin is assassinated by Israel.
- May 13, 2004
Israel’s nine-day incursion in Gaza leaves 40 Palestinians dead. Earlier, a Palestinian fighter kills 13 Israeli soldiers.
- April 21, 2004
Israeli forces kill nine in Beit Lahiya. Members of al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade are killed in Tulkarem, Qalqiliya and Jenin over the next days.
- May 11, 2004
Islamic Jihad kills six Israeli soldiers in Gaza. Israeli forces kill eight Palestinians in attempt to retrieve remains of the bodies.
- May 13, 2004
Israeli forces kill 16 Palestinians during clashes in Rafah.
- May 17, 2004
Hamas leader Abdel Aziz Rantisi is killed in a military strike.
- Jul. 9, 2004
The International Court of Justice rules that the Wall is illegal in accordance with international law.
- Jul. 31, 2004
Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade member kidnap 3 foreign church workers.
- Aug. 31, 2004
Suicide bombing kills 16 Israelis in a bus in Beersheba.
- Oct. 1- 14, 2004
Israeli forces kill several Palestinians belonging to different political factions as well as civilians and children.
- Nov. 11, 2004
Yasser Arafat dies in France.
- Jan. 9, 2005
Mahmoud Abbas is elected as head of the Palestinian Authority.
- Jan. 10, 2005
Ariel Sharon gets support for the Gaza disengagement plan.
- Jan. 24, 2005
Palestinian fighters agree to halt attacks after talks with President Abbas.
- Feb. 3, 2005
Israel frees 900 Palestinian prisoners as sign of truce and starts withdrawing some forces from West Bank.
- Feb.8, 2005
President Abbas and Prime Minister Sharon declare truce at Sharm el-Sheikh.
In the absence of a concluding event or a ceasefire agreement it is difficult to decipher the end of the second Intifada.
The death of Arafat and subsequent internal fighting between Palestinian factions shifts the focus from the Palestinian struggle against Israeli occupation to inter-Palestinian clashes. Some argue that the intifada has yet to end.
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